Reflections on Sri Lanka’s Suicide Rate

Tom Widger

widger-22ABSTRACT of Article entitled ” Reading Sri Lanka’s Suicide Rate” in Modern Asian Studies 48/3 pp. 791-825. : By the final decade of the twentieth century, rates of suicide in Sri Lanka ranked among the highest in the world. However, in 1996 the suicide rate began to fall and was soon at its lowest level in almost 30 years. This decline poses problems for classic sociological theories of suicide and forces us to question some fundamental assumptions underlying social scientific approaches to the suicide rate. Drawing from sociological, medical epidemiological, historical, and anthropological secondary sources as well as 21 months of original ethnographic research into suicide in Sri Lanka, I argue that there are four possible readings of the country’s suicide rate. While the first three readings provide windows onto parts of the story, the fourth—a composite view—provides a new way of thinking about suicide, not just in Sri Lanka but also cross-culturally. In so doing the paper poses questions for how the relationship between suicide and society might be imagined. Continue reading

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Sri Lanka sustains its High Suicide Rate

World Health Organisation Figures for 2012... see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_suicide_rate

The following is a list of suicide rates by country according to data from the World Health Organization (2012) and other sources, in which a country’s rank is determined by its total rate deaths officially recorded as suicides in the most recent available year. The WHO statistics are based on the official reports from each respective country, and therefore, no more accurate than the record-keeping in the specific country. Incidence of suicide tends to be under-reported due to both religious and social pressures,[citation needed] and possibly completely unreported in some areas. Since the data might be skewed, comparing suicide rates between nations is statistically unsound. For example, attempted suicide is illegal in Nepal and people who attempt suicide when caught are subject to imprisonment, fines or both; therefore, any suicide figures for Nepal will underestimate the incidence.[1]

Male and female suicide rates are out of total male population and total female population, respectively (i.e. total number of male suicides divided by total male population). The total rate of suicides is based on the total number of suicides divided by the total population, rather than merely the average of the male and female suicide rates, because the gender ratio in most countries is not 1:1. Most countries listed below report that males have a higher suicide rate than females

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Suicides per 100,000 people per year (age standardized)

SRI LANKA ranks No. 3 behind Guyana and South korea when the combined rates for both sexes are taken together: being 28.8 with the rate for males being 48.8 and that for females being 12.8 (7th in country list)

 

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Albert Dharmasiri: Painter, Art Critic and Connoisseur

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September 11, 2016 · 4:05 am

The Dambulla Cave Complex: Its UNESCO Heritage ‘Stamp’ under Question

suresha-pilapitiya Suresha Pilapitiya, in The Daily Mirror, 8 September 2016, where the title is “The Dambulla cave temple- the untold story”

Anyone who travels along the Kandy – Jaffna highway, may be able to view the picturesque scene of the Dambulla rock and the cave temple which are considered as iconic landmarks which adds prestige to the ancient city. It has stood there majestically for generations, depicting the Buddhist Culture, values and the beauty of Sri Lankan heritage.  The Dambulla Cave Temple is also known as the Golden Temple of Dambulla, situated in the central part of the country. The site is spread tout in a vast area of 148 sq km to the east of Colombo and 72 sq km to the North of Kandy. It is the largest and the best preserved cave temple complex in Sri Lanka, apart from Aluviharaya in Matale.

aa-dambulla-333

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USA as World Power Player over the Years

Jonathan Power,  courtesy of International Press Syndicate where the title reads “U.S. invested trillions in wars, China in development” …  with highlighting as embellishments from The Editor Thuppahi

 jonathan-power

– The French ambassador to the U.S. from 1902 to 1924, Jean-Jules Jusserand, observed that distant powers could not easily threaten the U.S. because “On the north, she has a weak neighbour; on the south, another weak neighbour; on the east fish and on the west, fish”. The coming of the submarine-based nuclear missile has not changed that. Apart from the fact that no enemy would dare use them for fear of retaliation, and that there is no country in the world that feels that hostile to America (accept North Korea), the fact is America is too big and too far away to be invaded and dominated. There could not be a blitzkrieg by a foreign army across the mid-west or a Vichy America.

The real tragedy of 9/11 is just as a majority of the U.S. electorate had settled into a post-Cold War comfort zone with the new president, George W. Bush, not being overly pushy or confrontational in foreign affairs, America was jolted so badly that a large proportion of its electorate – maybe half – has been paranoid ever since. Enemies are once again seen under the bed. Enough of the electorate have persuaded themselves that they are insecure – and not just because of growing terrorism – and they have made sure via the Republican majority in Congress that President Barack Obama has had his hands tied on everything from emptying Guantanamo to gun control to pursuing more cuts in nuclear weapons with Russia.
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A Mundane Announcement about An Outstanding Event

Three or four News Agencies provided this rather prosaic notice about the launching of Major-General Kamal Gunaratne’s THE ROAD TO NANDIKADAL in early September; but ‘saved the day’ by deploying interesting snaps.

nkl-today Pic used by http://telo.org/?p=170018 

 September 4, 2016, Colombo, Sri Lanka Guardian: Security analysts are said to be keeping a close eye on the book ‘Road to Nandikadal’, true story of defeating Tamil Tigers by Major General Kamal Gunaratne, expected to be released after his retirement on September 5. The book will be released on September 6, a day after his retirement. The Sinhala and English versions of the book will be released on the same day. It is said that several incidents that occurred during the war including the killing of Velupillai Prabhkaran. Major General Gunaratne was the Commanding Officer of the 53 Division, that is believed to have killed the LTTE leader Prabhakaran.

fig-80-situ-map-2008-12-23-23-12-44 Situation Map –23 December 2008 Continue reading

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Defeating the LTTE: Major-General Kamal Gunaratne in Riveting Q and A

Shanika Sriyananda, courtesy of DailyFT, 7 September 2016, which carries the title “The Road to Nandikadal”... and also in http://sangam.org/road-nandikadalmaj-gen-kamal-gunaratne/. ..…Note that the highlighting is embellishment by The Editor, Thuppahi

Battle-hardened soldier Maj. Gen. Kamal Gunaratne, who has shed his Army uniform which he wore for 35 years, yesterday urged political leaders of the country to maintain the hard-earned peace. Maj. Gen. Gunaratne, who is credited for commanding his troops of the 53 Division to fight the 45-minute final battle of the Eelam IV war, which killed LTTE Leader Velupillai Prabhakaran and put the curtains down on the 30-year-long war against LTTE terrorism, will be launching his memoir ‘Road to Nandikadal’ today (6) at his alma mater, Ananda College. In an exclusive interview with the Daily FT, he explained the historical failures that led the LTTE to become a stronger fighting force, the motive of writing of his memoir, the downfall of the LTTE, transforming the SLA to a victorious Army, allegations on human rights abuses and the last days of the final battle.  “I wrote this book for the poor parents who sent their sons to fight with the ruthless LTTE, the elite people in Colombo and abroad and the human rights activists, who were misled by a wrong picture about the our soldiers and the war,” he said, adding that he doesn’t want his memories to be buried with him after his retirement.  Maj. Gen. Gunaratne said that for the LTTE to make a comeback with the same vigour it needed a leader like Prabhakaran, who was an equally committed, dedicated, disciplined and ruthless terrorist leader.
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Institutionalizing Democracy in Lanka: The Basic Foundations

Izeth Hussain,  in The Island, 6 September 2016, where the title is “Democracy, not devolution, the only solution for the ethnic problem”

1364002696fea9-4In the contemporary world of multi-ethnic nation states democracy has to be regarded as incomplete and flawed unless it includes measures for the safeguarding of ethnic minority interests, measures regarded not as supplementary but as integral to the democratic order. This applies to the vast majority of nation states today as there are only four, according to other reckonings not more than twelve, states that are mono-ethnic. The reason why a new conceptualization of democracy is called for is that the aspirations of ethnic minorities towards a better life have been growing all over the world: hence the growing salience of identity politics. Unless those aspirations, to the extent that they are recognized as legitimate aspirations, are reasonably accommodated, it can be held that there is no democracy or that it is deeply flawed. The reason is that democracy upholds as its secular trinity Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity, the ideal of fair and equal treatment for all. By that criterion Sri Lankan democracy has certainly been deeply flawed.

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What the World Needs Today: Italian Operatic Togetherness

SEE https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/?shva=1#inbox/156fd30ff143b1d7?projector=1

Sacla’ Stage a Surprise Opera in a School Lunch Hall

Joanne Ryan ·

Mary Flickinger
The funiest video I’ve ever seen !!! What a great way for kids to like operas — and It’s not just for kids.
Mel Cohen ·

Bravo, bravo, bravo. What a great lunch experience for the little cherubs.
LeCarey Mitchell Jr.

These kids have no idea what a privilege they just experienced. Bravo!
Ruth Garcia Munoz ·

I loved every minute of this video.
Kathy Silber ·

Love it! The kids are adorable!

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Tigress Rathika Pathmanathan’s Turbulent Journey, 2006-16

Zahrah Imtiaz in Daily News, 16 August 2016, where the title is “Rathika–A  Succcess Story”

At 23, Rathika Pathmanathan has borne many names; orphan, LTTE combatant, Ex-LTTE combatant, call centre girl and finally writer and activist. Her journey has been long and arduous and as she stood in a crowded auditorium at the OPA, for the launch of her maiden book of narrative stories and poems in Tamil, ‘There is a darkness called light and I grope for myself in the thick of it’ (with Sinhala and English translations), last week, she stood as a testament to what successful rehabilitation needed to be.

AA-rathika 22 Rathika Pathmanathan

“This book is an honest declaration of my feelings and thoughts during and after the war. It bears the scars of that time,”she said and added that it was a project undertaken to record the sufferings of the people who went through the war. “I am surprised at the courage I have gained to be able to speak before a large gathering today. A few years ago, I did not know a word of Sinhala, we didn’t know what ‘Kauda’ (who are you?) meant. I was depressed and had no one to talk to and as I lay in hospital in Colombo, I started to write poetry.

“As I kept writing, I felt more relieved and empowered, so I kept writing. The writing calmed me down. This book helped me get out of depression and learn to live a better life,” she explained. Continue reading

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