Michael Roberts, presenting an old unpubd article drafted in the 1990s ….with highlights being Today’s insertions
It is feasible to suggest that leisure activity blossomed in Europe in the course of the nineteenth century. As European society was re-ordered by the Industrial Revolution and the bourgeoisification of civilization (e.g. Elias 1978 and 1982), the aristocratic and popular pastimes of the previous centuries were taken over, modified and added to. Pastimes proliferated. In England, of course, these pastimes bore the imprint of class: one can speak broadly of working class pastimes and upper-class pastimes.














