Category Archives: language policies

Michael Roberts Mss stored at Adelaide University

Michael Roberts

The library at Adelaide Univeristy is known as the BARR-SMITH LIBRARY.  The staff in the “Special Collections” within the library over the years have been especially helpful over a long period and were hands-on central in organising the Roberts Oral History Project from the 1980s and subsequently (see https://www.adelaide.edu.au/library/special/mss/roberts/).

But it is by pure chance that I came across a document penned in my hand detailing the stock of manuscripts and photocopied material that I had placed within the Special Collections –maybe because our home is adjacent to a National Park and within a high fire-risk arena.

Let me assure all ye readers that I have been stunned by some of the items that I have collected –some of them original Mss items; with the others being copies. but the main point is that some of these copies reproduce very rare items.  Moreover, I find that the range and type of items placed within the realm of the Barr-Smith are quite astonishing. It remains to be seen whether readers and investigators of the past accept that evaluation. I should add that I will be among the personnel delving into some of the data within this stock; but I do not have long to live…..and this stock is there for posterity.

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The International Centre of Ethnic Studies in Sri Lanka: Its Genesis in 1981-83

Kingsley M. De Silva …. a summary memo drafted way back by Professor Kingsley M. De Silva and sent to me in July 2024 by Iranga Silva of the ICES in Kandy[1]

Early in 1981, I had two American visitors, one of whom, Professor Donald Horowitz, I had known since the late 1960s when he visited the island for research on the abortive coup d’état of 1962 in the island. The other was Robert Goldmann, a programme officer of the Ford Foundation in New York. They had come to Kandy to invite me to a Ford Foundation-sponsored conference to be held in August 1981 at the Taita Hills Game Park about 200 km from Nairobi, Kenya, where a group of scholars and administrators—from governments and the private sector—from many parts of the world would discuss the theme of ‘Ethnic Problems in the Developing and Developed Worlds’. A record of the proceedings of this conference—including most of the papers presented—is available in the library of the ICES in Kandy.

Prof. Goldmann

to be presented one of Prof. Horowitz

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Appreciating Kumari Jayawardena’s Scholarship

Uditha Devapriya … in The Island, 28 June 2024, where the title reads:  “A Tribute to Kumari Jayawardena” … while the presentation here includes highlights imposed by The Editor

Last month the Collective for Historical Dialogue & Memory (CHDM) organised a screening of Conversations with Kumari, a documentary on Kumari Jayawardena. Last week Jayawardena turned 93. Yesterday I reflected on her and the generation she represented. That generation is leaving us, but it remains as influential as ever.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Adopting Mongrel Colourings & Becoming Thuppahi

Michael Roberts, presenting an old essay prnted in the Lanka Monthly Digest in 2002 that was entitled “Sri Lankan-ness …. and Being Mongrel” **

The impending peace negotiations and the demand for self-determination by the LTTE and most (?) Tamils residing in Sri Lanka raise the issue of Sri Lankan identity in critical ways. Is there space for “internal self-determination” within both the territory and the idea called “Sri Lanka”? What does the concept of “self-determination” mean and does it allow for a “Tamil nation” to exist within the Sri Lankan nation in ways that will allow for “the dignity and self-respect” of those Tamils who wish to be part of this Tamil entity?

Pirapaharan, Anton Balasinghma & Thamil Chelvam on the podium at Kilinochchi before an international mix of media-personnel 10 April 2002 …. where the state of THAMILILAM  was effectively proclaimed ………………..

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The Work of Anthropologists from Sri Lanka: Reviewing the World Scenario in 1987

Presenting an academic article published in Contributions to  Indian Sociology , n.s, Vol 21, 1-25 also reproduced subsequently in Sri Lanka in 1989 as No, 10 within the SSC Pamphlet Series marshalled by the late Ana Chittambalam, Willa Wickremasinghe , Hari hulugalle and Michael Roberts

Elizabeth Nissan: “The work of Sri Lankan anthropologists: A bibliographic survey”

 Introduction: Although many of the studies included in this essay are concerned with Sri Lanka, this is not a bibliographic essay on the anthropology of that country. It is, instead, a survey of the work of Sri Lankan anthropologists, wherever they may have carried out their research.

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Reaching Out with Digital Education–Vanni Hope in Sri Lanka

Thuppahi has consitently supported the charitable outreach that has been pursued by Ranjan Sivagnanasundaram and his VANNI HOPE projects and has no hesitation in backing this line of charitable aid. 

“Enhancing Access to Digital Education for Disadvantaged Students/Children in the Rural Area of Sri Lanka”

 Introduction: The role of technology in teaching and learning is rapidly becoming a crucial and widely discussed topic in the modern education system. Most education experts agree that, when used effectively, information and communication technology have the potential to enhance teaching and learning while shaping job opportunities. Computer illiteracy is now seen as a new form of illiteracy, sparking a strong desire to provide schools in remote villages with the necessary computer facilities and trained personnel to develop technologically skilled students. It is undeniable that computers can assist in the instructional process and support students’ learning.

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ITIHAS Launched …. and Spreads Its Wings

Go to …. https://itihas.lk/contact/    … Note that the presentation here is a re-cast selection by The Editor of Thuppahi who has also imposed his colourings on the text

Mission:  What we hope to achieve

Itihas aims to equip Sri Lankan youth with the ability to think critically about their past, present, and future. It specifically aims to debunk mythological understandings of history that afford to particular ethno-religious groups a sense of superiority or authenticity over others. Rather than acting as a gatekeeper of knowledge, Itihas seeks to empower future generations of students, scholars, practitioners, and policymakers to learn about, research, and make informed decisions on divisive issues such as conflict, discrimination and violence in a manner that advances a more inclusive Sri Lanka.

Photo by Tashiya De Mel

Itihas – Advancing history education reform in Sri Lanka

 

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Us/Them Semantics in Sinhalese Confrontations with Other Forces Over Time

Michael Roberts presenting the Synopsis of an Article published after a refereeing process in the journal NATIONALISM and ETHNIC POLITICS  Vol 9/3 Summer 2003, pp. 75-102

The collective identity of Sinhala-speakers over four centuries dating from the 1590s is analyzed with due attention to the structural form of (a) the Kingdom of Kandy and (b) the British colonial regime that took control of the whole island by 1815/18. The analysis dwells on the modes of oral, visual-iconic and written forms of cultural transmission that pre-dated print technology, while drawing attention to the relative uniformity of the Sinhala language in both geographical and temporal scale. A semantic pattern of political alliances based on the opposition of inside to outside which works contextually like a nestling Chinese-box is one dimension of this linguistic order. This supported the tendency of Sinhalese representations to adopt an associational logic which merged past enemies (the wicked Tamils) with contemporary enemies (the Portuguese, the English) during the liberation struggles of the Kandyan state and its militia in the pre-1818 period. Such tendencies and the continuation of disparaging epithets coined during the period of Portuguese imperial intrusion into the vocabulary of the twentieth century must inform any theoretical efforts to distinguish the collective consciousness of the Sinhalese after the substantial transformations initiated under the British from that which is expressed so powerfully in the war poems of the pre-British period. 
VISIT this Digital-Reference:
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Language-and-national-identi ty%3A-the-Sinhalese-and-Roberts/003324e5fbcdd
Special ADDITIONS for TPS …. The “US vs THEM” Phenomenon

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Deciphering the Work of Caste in Sri Lanka’s Lifeworld

Thuppahi is delighted to present a new research venture in keeping with its own spirit — with TUDOR SILVA in Lanka and MARK BALMFORTH in Canada in command.

CASTE: A Global Journal on Social Exclusion …..  Call for Submissions ….. with a Focus on Sri Lanka

Deadlines for Submissions: ….. Abstract: June 15, 2024 …… Full Paper: September 30, 2024

Compared to the expanding body of literature on caste in the Indian subcontinent, caste in Sri Lanka has received only sporadic academic attention and has been largely ignored in policy debates and social development interventions on the island. This can partially be explained by a widespread, public belief in Sri Lanka that despite its past importance, caste is no longer a vital social institution. While open discussion on the topic is largely absent, this does not mean that caste is dead or dying. Rather, caste remains hidden in much of Sri Lankan social life (Jiggins 1979; Silva, Sivapragasam, & Thanges 2009a). Reports from the north and east of the country indicate a certain resurgence of caste issues in post-war society, and new research findings suggest that caste plays a role in social, economic, and political dynamics that affect access to limited resources such as land, drinking water, employment, and political power (Thanges 2015; Hashmi and Kuganathan 2017; Kadirgamar 2019; Silva 2020; Tiruchandran 2021). Caste also continues to play an important role in the social life of south and central Sri Lanka through marriage partner selection, land tenure, temple rituals, politics, economic relations, and the performing arts (Silva, Sivapragasam, & Thanges 2009b; Reed 2010). Recent dissertation work, particularly in overseas universities, suggests that a body of new Sri Lankan caste-related evidence is just on the horizon (Räsänen 2015; Aimee 2017; Thanges 2018; Balmforth 2020; Esler 2020; Pathmanesan 2020).

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Facing Fortress Australia: Ceylonese Migrants in the 1950s & 1960s

Earlson Forbes, whose title in THE CEYLANKAN, vol 27/2, May 2024 is Fortress White Australia: What early Ceylonese migrants [1949 t0 1969] were up against” … [now … with most of the author’s documentary illustrations]

The Six Australian Colonies came together on the 1st  of January 1901 to form the independent Nation of the Commonwealth of Australia.  From 1788 (First Fleet arrival at Sydney Cove) to the time of Federation, Australia was populated by convict and free settlers almost exclusively from Britain.  The 1901 census put the population at 3.7 million.   Aboriginals were not counted in this census. A small percentage of the population was made up of Pacific Islanders and Chinese.  The Chinese entered Australia in the second half of the 19th century at the time of the Gold Rush in Australia (mid-19th century) and in the years following. Between 1851 and 1870 about 50,000 Chinese were estimated to have entered Australia. Pacific Islanders had been brought to Australia in the second half of the 19th century as labourers.

From its inception the Nation of Australia embarked on a highly protective policy regarding entry into the country.  Within one year of formation of the Nation, the Australian Parliament passed two Acts limiting immigration.  These two Acts were The Immigration Restriction Act 1901, and the Pacific Islander Labourers Act 1901.  The Pacific Islander Labourers Act aimed specifically at putting a stop to admission of persons from this region.  The Act stated, ‘No Pacific Island Labourer shall enter Australia on or after the thirty first day of March one thousand nine hundred and four’.

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