Category Archives: mass conscription

A Pol Pot Hell-Hole: Thamilini’s Disenchantment with Prabhakaran and the Tigers in 2009

T. N. Gopalan, courtesy of newsminute … 17 March 2016, where the title is Woman LTTE leader’s memoir exposing their brutality has created a furor among Tamils” … with a few footnotes added by the Thuppahi editor nad highlights deployed to assist reading.

THAMILINI 22 “No question now, what had happened to the faces of the pigs. The creatures outside looked from pig to man, and from man to pig, and from pig to man again; but already it was impossible to say which was which.” Thamizhini, aka Sivakami Subramaniam,** in-charge of the political wing of the women’s section in the LTTE, might not have been familiar with the devastating close of the celebrated Animal Farm by George Orwell. But she perhaps felt as much when she learnt of the instructions to shoot at the legs of those innocent Tamils crossing over to government-controlled areas in the closing stages of the war in 2009. Continue reading

3 Comments

Filed under accountability, atrocities, authoritarian regimes, Eelam, Fascism, governance, historical interpretation, life stories, LTTE, mass conscription, military strategy, politIcal discourse, power politics, prabhakaran, Rajapaksa regime, Sinhala-Tamil Relations, sri lankan society, Tamil civilians, Tamil Tiger fighters, the imaginary and the real, unusual people, war crimes, war reportage, world events & processes

The Dilemmas of Accountability in Eelam War IV when Exploring Reconciliation Today

Neville Ladduwahetty, courtesy of The Island, 8/9th March 2016, where the title is “Addressing Accountabilitywith the highlighting and illustrative images being my editorial impositions. Michael Roberts

The current debate in the country is whether there should or should not be any foreign “participation” in the accountability processes and if there is to be foreign “participation”, to what degree it should be. The uncertainty as to the final outcome of the debate has caused the Security Forces to be understandably apprehensive. However, what needs to be appreciated is that accountability is only one facet of the entire reconciliation process.

Issues such as the closure on missing persons, reparations, reconstruction and rehabilitation have a far greater impact on reconciliation than accountability. This is particularly so because the focus on accountability would primarily be on the period from January to May 2009, since the strategies adopted by the Security Forces in the conduct of the separatist Armed Conflict prior to this period were acknowledged by the US in a cable that stated: “The Government has gained considerable credit until this point for conducting a disciplined military campaign” (Cable to the US State Department by the US Embassy, WikiLeaks, 27 January, 2009).

Continue reading

Leave a comment

Filed under accountability, governance, historical interpretation, law of armed conflict, legal issues, life stories, LTTE, mass conscription, military strategy, news fabrication, Paranagama Report, politIcal discourse, power politics, prabhakaran, propaganda, reconciliation, Sinhala-Tamil Relations, slanted reportage, sri lankan society, Tamil migration, Tamil Tiger fighters, terrorism, the imaginary and the real, truth as casualty of war, UN reports, vengeance, war crimes, war reportage, world events & processes

Encompassing Empowerment in Ritual, War and Assassination

Michael Roberts, courtesy of Berghahn Press and Social Analysis and Doug Farrer, the Editor of the Special Volume on “War Magic“, Social Analysis, 2014, vol 58/1…….. see http://berghahn.publisher.ingentaconnect.com/content/berghahn/socan/2014/00000058/00000001;jsessionid=brf7pbpqi52o9.Victoria….. Note that the article has a sub-title: Tantric Principles in Tamil Tiger Instrumentalities.

Abstract: This study highlights the Tantric threads within the transcendental religions of Asia that reveal the commanding role of encirclement as a mystical force. The cyanide capsule (kuppi) around the neck of every Tamil Tiger fighter was not only a tool of instrumental rational-ity as a binding force, but also a modality similar to a thāli (marriage bond necklace) and to participation in a velvi (religious animal sacrifice). It was thus embedded within Tamil cultural practice. Alongside the LTTE’s politics of homage to its māvīrar (dead heroes), the kuppi sits beside numerous incidents in LTTE acts of mobilization or military actions where key functionaries approached deities in thanks or in preparation for the kill. These practices highlight the inventive potential of liminal moments/spaces. We see this as modernized ‘war magic’—a hybrid re-enchantment energizing a specific religious worldview.

Keywords: cosmic encirclement, enchanted practices, liminality, LTTE, regeneration, sacrifice, suicide attacks, Tantrism

28c-vipoothi lad Figure 1 Young Tiger Fighter with Holy Ash on His Forehead Heads for the Battlefield in the Late 1980s —Photograph © Shyam Tekwani

Continue reading

3 Comments

Filed under cultural transmission, Eelam, heritage, historical interpretation, Indian traditions, landscape wondrous, law of armed conflict, life stories, mass conscription, military strategy, nationalism, patriotism, politIcal discourse, power politics, prabhakaran, religiosity, Saivism, Sinhala-Tamil Relations, sri lankan society, suicide bombing, Tamil Tiger fighters, the imaginary and the real, unusual people, war reportage, women in ethnic conflcits, world events & processes, zealotry

Farrer and Roberts discuss War Magic and the Sacrificial Devotion of Tamil Tigers

Q and A reprinted courtesy of Berghahn Press … at … http://ht.ly/VIYQMThis post is the transcript of an electronic interview between D. S. Farrer and Michael Roberts. Farrer is the special issue editor for Social Analysis Volume 58, Issue 1, and Roberts is the author of the article Encompassing Empowerment in Ritual, War, and Assassination: Tantric Principles in Tamil Tiger Instrumentalities” appearing in that issue. Below, Roberts answers a series of questions related to her article in Social Analysis.

This is the seventh in a series of interviews with contributors to this volume. Find the previous contributions on our blog. 

WAR MAGIC doug in fight Doug Farrer in action Continue reading

2 Comments

Filed under Al Qaeda, arab regimes, cultural transmission, disparagement, fundamentalism, governance, historical interpretation, Indian Ocean politics, Indian traditions, Islamic fundamentalism, landscape wondrous, life stories, LTTE, martyrdom, mass conscription, modernity & modernization, nationalism, news fabrication, pilgrimages, politIcal discourse, power politics, prabhakaran, propaganda, racist thinking, Rajapaksa regime, religiosity, Saivism, self-reflexivity, Sinhala-Tamil Relations, slanted reportage, sri lankan society, suicide bombing, Taliban, Tamil Tiger fighters, terrorism, the imaginary and the real, truth as casualty of war, vengeance, violence of language, war reportage, world events & processes, zealotry, Zen at war

The Realities of Eelam War IV

Michael Roberts, courtesy of the essay in Colombo Telegraph  entitled “Down–to-Earth: The Hard Truths of Eelam War IV, ” which , alas, does not contain the vital hyperlinks. Nor does it contain the illustrative maps and images that are a vital component of any survey … and which therefore adorn this article. A fuller pictorial history can be seen in Roberts, Tamil Person and State. Pictorial, Colombo, Vijitha Yapa Publications, 2014, ISBN 978-955-665-231-4     

AA=pulidevanJust as in Kosovo if enough civilians died in Sri Lanka the world would be forced to step in”Pulidevan of LTTE to a pal in Europe (quoted in Harrison 2012: 63). Frances H--plus HarrisonPic from www.tamilnet.com

Guided by a series of studies that I have indulged in over the years 2010-15, let me summarize my findings in point form. The focus is on the period 2008-to-May 2009. However, four facets of the broad historical context must be stressed initially: (I) Prabhākaran had one goal only: Eelam and a separate state; (II) the LTTE used two ceasefire periods in 1995 and 2001-06 as recuperating periods for renewal of their war effort; (III) as Ben Bavinck and the UTHR reports have insisted, Thamilīlam under Prabhākaran was a fascist state; and (IV) the Rajapaksa government which struggled for survival against the LTTE proved the validity of the Marxist dictum that there is an unity in any contradiction: it became distinctly authoritarian itself, albeit still populist in its self-convictions. Continue reading

34 Comments

Filed under american imperialism, australian media, authoritarian regimes, British imperialism, disparagement, doctoring evidence, Eelam, Fascism, gordon weiss, governance, historical interpretation, human rights, Indian Ocean politics, legal issues, life stories, LTTE, martyrdom, mass conscription, military strategy, nationalism, news fabrication, NGOs, plural society, political demonstrations, politIcal discourse, power politics, power sharing, prabhakaran, press freedom & censorship, propaganda, Rajapaksa regime, religiosity, security, self-reflexivity, Sinhala-Tamil Relations, slanted reportage, sri lankan society, suicide bombing, Tamil civilians, Tamil migration, tamil refugees, Tamil Tiger fighters, truth as casualty of war, vengeance, war crimes, war reportage, world events & processes

Eelam War IV and Issue of Collateral Damage & Civilian Deaths in International Law: Laduwahetty summarizes Desmond De Silva’s ‘Treatise’

Neville Laduwahetty, in The Island, 19 April 2015, where the title is War crimes: A comment on what experts say” … with illustrations and emphases in the text added by Thuppahi

The comments presented below are in response to an edited and abbreviated version of a legal opinion by Sir Desmond de Silva on “Permissible parameters of collateral damage” carried by The Island of April 10, 2015. The article states: “Currently whether or not an attack that results in civilian deaths is legal under international humanitarian law depends on whether the attack meets the requirements of three principles: (1) Distinction; (2) Military Necessity and (3) Proportionality. A violation of international humanitarian law only occurs if there is an intentional attack directed against civilians, or if an attack is launched on a military objective with knowledge that the incidental civilian injuries would be clearly excessive in relation to the anticipated military advantage”.

WAR  ZONE- late April ICGThe War Theatre in mid-late April 2009 and Illustration of the Penultimate SLA Operation in Late april 2008 —Map courtesy of International Crisis Group

Continue reading

1 Comment

Filed under accountability, authoritarian regimes, doctoring evidence, historical interpretation, Indian Ocean politics, law of armed conflict, legal issues, life stories, LTTE, mass conscription, military strategy, news fabrication, politIcal discourse, power politics, propaganda, reconciliation, security, self-reflexivity, Sinhala-Tamil Relations, slanted reportage, sri lankan society, Tamil civilians, Tamil Tiger fighters, the imaginary and the real, truth as casualty of war, war crimes, war reportage, world events & processes

Cartographic & Photographic Illustrations in support of the Memorandum Analysing the War in Sri Lanka and Its Propaganda Debates

Michael Roberts

No survey of Eelam War IV — especially its last phase from late 2008 to May 2009 — can be pursued without some comprehension of the unfolding geographical context and some attention to illustrative pictorial details of the LTTE ditch-and-bund system of defense as well as the defensive deployment of a congealed mass of people and Tiger personnel from circa mid-February to mid-May 2009 within what is best referred to as the “Last Redoubt.”[1] Attention to pictorial evidence must obviously embrace evidence of shelling and casualties (both injured and dead) as well as prima facie instances suggestive of extra-judicial execution by both sides. These in their turn must sit alongside the graphic photographs of clusters of people streaming or struggling across the Nandikadal Lagoon or crossing sand and scrub terrain in April and May 2009 after the Sri Lankan Army infiltrated and penetrated the Tiger arena in the Last Redoubt…. and released them from their corralled situation.[2]

1-UNITED-NATIONS-SRI-LANKA-facebook+ Pic 1: The Fate of the Corralled Tamil Populace of  Thamilīlam = on the move constantly — from mid 2008 in some instances Pic from en.wikipedia.com Continue reading

31 Comments

Filed under accountability, atrocities, Eelam, governance, historical interpretation, Indian Ocean politics, law of armed conflict, legal issues, life stories, LTTE, mass conscription, military strategy, NGOs, patriotism, photography, politIcal discourse, power politics, prabhakaran, propaganda, Rajapaksa regime, Sinhala-Tamil Relations, slanted reportage, sri lankan society, Tamil civilians, Tamil Tiger fighters, the imaginary and the real, trauma, truth as casualty of war, UN reports, unusual people, vengeance, war crimes, war reportage, wikileaks, world events & processes

Congestion in the “Vanni Pocket,” January-May 2009: Appendix IV for “BBC Blind”

Michael Roberts

In retrospect we can say that the LTTE high command made a serious error when they launched Eelam War IV through the Mavil Aru incident in July 2006. On this occasion they could not replicate the massive successes of Eelam War III (see Appendix I). By mid-2007 they had lost control of the patches of terrain they had held in the Eastern Province. By early 2008 they lost control of the north western coastline and their logistical supply chain from India. Outgunned, outnumbered and on the back-foot, they nevertheless fought tenaciously and cleverly as a threefold pincer of SL Army battalions gnawed away at their defences from west, south and north (Map 1).

77- War fronts 23 Dec 2008 Map 1: the Vanni Pocket on 23 December 2008

Continue reading

12 Comments

Filed under accountability, historical interpretation, life stories, LTTE, mass conscription, military strategy, politIcal discourse, power politics, prabhakaran, propaganda, reconciliation, rehabilitation, Sinhala-Tamil Relations, slanted reportage, sri lankan society, Tamil civilians, tamil refugees, Tamil Tiger fighters, the imaginary and the real, truth as casualty of war, world events & processes

Numbers Game reviewed by Kath Noble: the full monty

kathnoble Kath Noble

Part 1: Published in The Island on July 3rd

Some months ago, my attention was drawn to a report on civilian deaths in the final phase of the war. The author – as yet unnamed – claimed to have something important to add to the debate that began in 2009 as the Army closed in on the LTTE in Mullaitivu. I must admit that I didn’t feel very inclined to read it. Of course it is disturbing that estimates of the number of people killed between January and May that year vary from almost zero to 147,000. But there are many things to be disturbed about in Sri Lanka – the Government is pursuing a thoroughly regressive agenda on just about every front. Should we ignore its failure to tackle extremist groups, even if only for a moment? What about its effort to roll back the 13th Amendment? How could we justify focusing on a subject that is clearly no longer urgent? In 2009, the LTTE had surrounded itself with an unknown number of people, and the question of how the Army was responding was of obvious importance – lives were at risk.08_05_09_mullivaykkaal_0201_05_09_vanni_04 Pics from Tamilnet-May 2009 60c-april 2009 exodus 60b-Tamil stram refugees-Island Continue reading

58 Comments

Filed under accountability, historical interpretation, LTTE, mass conscription, news fabrication, population, power politics, Rajapaksa regime, Sinhala-Tamil Relations, sri lankan society, Tamil civilians, tamil refugees, Tamil Tiger fighters, war crimes, world events & processes

Neither Tiger nor Lion: A Suffering Tamil Voice of Reason from Diaspora Land

A  Tamil in UK who must remain Anonymous … responding to Tamil nationalist commemorations of the Tiger and Tamil dead  and to a photograph by Robert Pinney [see below] depicting this event in mid-May 2013**

It really bothers me that the protest of ‘Tamils… gathered around photographs of those killed during the Sri Lankan civil war’ is being symbolized by people carrying the LTTE flag.  Anyone who protests that massacres of Tamils in 2009 should by no means do so under the Tiger flag. In 2009, the Tigers forced innocent Tamil civilians to remain in the Vanni – under pain of death. When I was working in the Vanni, I began to truly sympathize with the Tamils who stayed behind in Sri Lanka. They lost EVERYTHING under the Tigers and the GOSL    31-MAAVEERAR EXHIBITION, Batticaloa,  A shed with garlanded photographs of maaveerar, Batticaloa locality, c. 2004 Continue reading

2 Comments

Filed under accountability, cultural transmission, ethnicity, historical interpretation, law of armed conflict, LTTE, martyrdom, mass conscription, nationalism, photography, power politics, prabhakaran, propaganda, reconciliation, self-reflexivity, Sinhala-Tamil Relations, sri lankan society, Tamil migration, Tamil Tiger fighters, world affairs