November 7, 2025 · 6:22 pm
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US Establishment in NY Under Threat from Underclass Forces

Mayura Botejue

Aristocrats in fear as “Muslim Immigrant Communist” leads proletariat revolution in New York City.  Zohran Mamdani will be the new Mayor of New York City. He promised to take on the billionaires and better the lives of working-class New Yorkers. He tapped into anti-establishment, class anger that is growing.

Meanwhile, Emperor Donny has banned the import of guillotines from France!

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zohran_Mamdani

Zohran Kwame Mamdani[c] (born October 18, 1991) is an American politician who is the current mayor-elect of New York City. A member of the Democratic Party and the Democratic Socialists of America, he has served as a member of the New York State Assembly from the 36th district since 2021, representing the Queens neighborhood of Astoria.

Mamdani was born in Kampala, Uganda, to academic Mahmood Mamdani and filmmaker Mira Nair, both of whom are of Indian descent.[11] The family moved to Cape Town, South Africa, when Mamdani was five years old. When he was seven, they moved to the United States, settling in New York City.[12] Mamdani graduated from the Bronx High School of Science. He received a bachelor’s degree with a major in Africana studies from Bowdoin College in Maine in 2014.

After working as a housing counselor and musician, Mamdani entered local New York City politics as a campaign manager for Khader El-Yateem and Ross Barkan. He was first elected to the New York State Assembly in 2020, defeating five-term incumbent Aravella Simotas in the Democratic primary. Representing Astoria, Queens, he was reelected without opposition in 2022 and 2024.

In October 2024, Mamdani announced his candidacy for mayor of New York City in the 2025 election. In June 2025, Mamdani won the Democratic primary in an upset victory over Andrew Cuomo, former governor of the state. He was elected mayor in the November 4 general election against Cuomo, who ran as an independent, and Republican nominee Curtis Sliwa, with 50.4% of the vote.[13][14][15]

Mamdani campaigned on an affordability-focused platform in support of fare-free city buses, universal public child care, city-owned grocery stores, LGBTQ rights, a rent freeze on rent-stabilized units, additional affordable housing units, comprehensive public safety reform, and a $30 minimum wage by 2030. Mamdani also supports tax increases on corporations and those earning above $1 million annually.

This article is part of
a series about

Zohran Mamdani

Early life

Mamdani was born on October 18, 1991, in Kampala, Uganda, the only child of postcolonialism academic Mahmood Mamdani and filmmaker Mira Nair.[16][17] He was given his middle name, Kwame, by his father in honor of Kwame Nkrumah, the first president of Ghana.[18][19] Both his parents are of Indian descent; his father is a Gujarati Shia Muslim of the Khoja community who was born in Mumbai and grew up primarily in Uganda,[20][21] and his mother is a Punjabi Hindu[22][23][24] who was born in Rourkela and raised in Bhubaneswar.[25] His paternal grandparents were born in present-day Tanzania and his father’s family was part of the Indian diaspora in Southeast Africa.[21] His maternal grandfather, Amrit Lal Nair, was a former Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer[26] and maternal grandmother Praveen Nair was a social worker and founder of the Salaam Baalak Trust in India.[27]

Mamdani lived in Kampala until he was five, when his family moved to Cape Town, in South Africa’s Western Cape province,[16] after his father was appointed head of African studies at the University of Cape Town.[28] He attended St. George’s Grammar School in Mowbray for a few years,[19][29] during the early post-apartheid years. He later said that the experience of living in Cape Town “taught me what inequality looks like up close… [and] that justice has to be more than an idea; it has to be material”.[30]

The family moved to the United States and settled in New York City when Mamdani was seven, and he was raised in Morningside Heights.[31] He has described his upbringing as “privileged”, saying, “I never had to want for something, and yet I knew that was not in any way the reality for most New Yorkers.”[32] As a child, he was often present on his mother’s film sets, where he was loved by members of the film crews, who variously referred to him as “Z”, “Zoru”, “Fadoose”, and “Nonstop Mamdani”.[28]

Mamdani attended the Bank Street School for Children on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, where he successfully ran as the independent candidate in a middle school mock election, adopting a platform of “equal rights, anti-war [policy] that proposed spending money on education rather than the military”.[33] In 2003, he returned to Kampala for a year and attended school during his father’s sabbatical there;[21] his paternal grandparents and aunt still live there and helped take care of him while his father was working on the book Good Muslim, Bad Muslim.[34]

In 2010, Mamdani graduated from the Bronx High School of Science[35][36] in Kingsbridge Heights,[37] where he co-founded the school’s first cricket team[17] and unsuccessfully ran for student body vice president.[38] He also played soccer with the West Side Soccer League.[37] Mamdani then attended Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine, where he co-founded the school’s chapter of Students for Justice in Palestine.[39][40] He was a regular contributor for campus newspaper The Bowdoin Orient, covering politics, culture, and sports via his column titled Kwame’s Kolumnalu.[41] In January 2014, he co-authored an op-ed in the Bangor Daily News, urging Bowdoin to join the American Studies Association’s boycott of Israel and criticizing college president Barry Mills.[42] He graduated in 2014 with a bachelor’s degree with a major in Africana studies.[39][40]

Before running for office, Mamdani worked as a foreclosure prevention and housing counselor. There, he assisted lower-income immigrant homeowners in Queens with eviction notices and efforts to remain in their homes. He said the experience motivated him to run for office to address the housing and affordability crisis.[43]

Music

Mamdani is a fan of hip-hop and has composed and produced rap music.[44] In 2016, under the moniker Young Cardamom, he collaborated with Ugandan rapper HAB on an EP titled Sidda Mukyaalo, which is Luganda for “No going back to the village”.[45] The duo performed at that year’s Nyege Nyege festival in Jinja, Uganda.[46] They first started working together in 2015, and their first song was Kanda [Chap Chap], about chapati, an Indian food that has been adopted as a Ugandan staple. Both rap in English and Luganda (HAB also raps in Nubi and Swahili). Mamdani said the “lyrics and choice of language are rebuttals of what Ugandan society expects of us—that someone with some South Sudanese roots is forever ‘Nubi’ and that Indian Ugandans are actually just Indians in Uganda”.[47] He also credits Ugandan producer Hannz Tactiq, who provided the beat and would “record, mix [and] master” for them, and in whose studio they worked until late at night.[46][47]

In 2019, Mamdani released a single titled “Nani” under the moniker Mr. Cardamom, an homage to his maternal grandmother,[48] whom he described as “a source of joy, wisdom, and love”.[49] Cookbook author and actress Madhur Jaffrey plays his grandmother in the single’s music video.[50][51] Mamdani also curated and produced the soundtrack for his mother Mira Nair’s 2016 film Queen of Katwe.[52][53] As the film’s music supervisor, he was nominated in the 2017 Guild of Music Supervisors Awards.[54] He was also the film’s third assistant director and played a minor role as a “Bookie Student”.[55]

Early political involvement (2015–2019)

Mamdani entered New York City politics as a volunteer for Ali Najmi’s campaign in the 2015 special election for the 23rd district of the City Council.[18] Mamdani was inspired to join Najmi’s campaign after learning that he was supported by Heems, a New York rapper of Indian descent and co-founder of alternative hip hop group Das Racist.[44][56] Specifically, Mamdani attributes his involvement in local politics to a 2015 The Village Voice article about Najmi and Heems, whom he described as one of his favorite rappers.[57][58]

In 2017, Mamdani joined the New York City chapter of the Democratic Socialists of America (DSA) and worked for the campaign of New York City Council candidate Khader El-Yateem, a Palestinian Lutheran minister and democratic socialist from Bay Ridge, Brooklyn.[18] Part of Mamdani’s motivation for joining the DSA was due to the organization’s pro-Palestine stance aligning with his own prior activism.[59] Mamdani served as the campaign manager for Ross Barkan‘s 2018 unsuccessful bid for the New York State Senate and was also a field organizer for fellow democratic socialist Tiffany Cabán‘s close-run but also unsuccessful 2019 campaign for Queens County District Attorney.[18][60]

New York State Assembly (2020–present)

See also: Electoral history of Zohran Mamdani
Mamdani at the Resist Fascism Rally in Bryant Park, October 27, 2024

In October 2019, Mamdani announced his campaign to represent New York’s 36th State Assembly district, which encompasses Astoria and Long Island City in Queens.[61][62] He was endorsed by the DSA,[63] running on a platform of housing reform, police and prison reform, and public ownership of utilities.[61] Mamdani’s June 2020 primary victory over five-term Democratic incumbent Aravella Simotas took almost a month to call,[64] and he won the general election with no Republican opposition in November.[65] Mamdani was reelected without opposition in 2022[66] and 2024.[67]

Mamdani is a member of the DSA’s nine-member “State Socialists in Office” bloc in New York and a member of the Muslim Democratic Club of New York.[18][68][69] Mamdani was the keynote speaker at the 2023 DSA convention, saying, “We are special as DSA electeds not because of ourselves; we are special because of our organization”.[70][71]

As of January 2025, Mamdani was a member of nine Assembly committees: the Committee on Aging; the Committee on Cities; the Committee on Election Law; the Committee on Energy; the Committee on Real Property Taxation; the Black, Puerto Rican, Hispanic & Asian Legislative Caucus; the Puerto Rican/Hispanic Task Force; the Asian Pacific American Task Force; and the Task Force on New Americans.[72]

As of May 2025, Mamdani had been the primary sponsor of 20 bills in the Assembly—three of which became law—and the co-sponsor of 238 bills.[73] As a member of the Assembly, Mamdani helped to launch a successful fare-free bus pilot program and participated in a hunger strike alongside taxi drivers.[74][75]

New York City mayoral campaign (2024–2025)

Main articles: 2025 New York City Democratic mayoral primary and 2025 New York City mayoral election

On October 23, 2024, Mamdani announced his candidacy for mayor of New York City.[76] His platform includes support for free city buses and a rent freeze in rent-stabilized housing.[77][78][79] Mamdani also wants the city government to operate five grocery stores—one in each borough—to drive down grocery prices.[80] His platform includes support for universal child care and for the construction of 200,000 new affordable housing units.[81] He also supports public safety reform and a $30 minimum wage by 2030.[82] His platform calls for tax increases on corporations and those earning above $1 million annually.[83]

For most of the primary campaign, Mamdani trailed former New York governor Andrew Cuomo in polling. He and Cuomo raised similar amounts of money, but his donor base was considerably larger than Cuomo’s.[84] A poll taken shortly before the June 24, 2025, primary election showed that Mamdani had caught up to Cuomo.[85] First-choice results on election night showed Mamdani had a large lead over Cuomo,[86][87] who conceded the race that evening.[88] His polling margin was increased by rank choice voting, particularly because he and third-favored candidate Brad Lander cross-endorsed each other prior to the primary by asking their voters to rank the other candidate second.[89][90][91][92][93] On July 1, after the New York City Board of Elections released its ranked-choice ballot tabulation, the Associated Press announced Mamdani had won the primary.[94] It was considered a major upset.[95] A July 2025 poll indicated a shift in Jewish American political attitudes, with 43% of Jewish New Yorkers and 67% of Jewish voters under 44 planning to support Mamdani—levels of support suggesting waning attachment to traditional pro-Israel politics. Many Jewish leaders and voters, however, remained critical of Mamdani.[90]

Mamdani’s campaign was supported by the New Yorkers for Lower Costs super PAC, which spent approximately $1.3 million supporting him and opposing Cuomo before the primary and raised an additional $1 million afterward. The super PAC received $100,000 in contributions from the Unity and Justice Fund in May and June 2025. Cuomo accused Mamdani of accepting “dirty money”, saying the Unity and Justice Fund was tied to the Council on American-Islamic Relations.[96]

In early November, President Donald Trump threatened to withdraw federal funding for New York City should Mamdani be elected mayor.[97]

Mamdani was elected mayor on November 4, 2025.[13][14][15] He will be the city’s youngest mayor since 1892, as well as the city’s first Indian American and Muslim mayor.[98][99][100][101]

Political positions

Main article: Political positions of Zohran Mamdani

Mamdani identifies as a democratic socialist [60][102] and member of the Democratic Socialists of America.[69][80] Described as a progressive and left-wing populist,[103][77] his policies have been characterized as left-wing or center-left.[104][105] His economic platform centers on equity and affordability—supporting debt relief for taxi medallion owners,[106] stronger rent control, tenant protections, and a Social Housing Development Agency to build 200,000 affordable units.[107][108] He advocates raising the minimum wage to $30 by 2030,[109] higher taxes on corporations and high-income earners to fund free CUNY and SUNY tuition, universal childcare, and free public transit, while cutting taxes for outer borough homeowners and reforming New York’s property tax system.[107][110][111][112][113][114]

Mamdani has condemned dictatorships in Venezuela and Cuba while criticizing U.S. sanctions.[115] He has denounced Indian prime minister Narendra Modi as a “war criminal” [116][117][118] and remains a strong critic of Israel and the ongoing genocide in Gaza,[119][120][121] describing its policies as apartheid [122]and supporting the BDS movement.[123] He co-sponsored the “Not on our dime!” bill to stop New York charities from funding Israeli settler violence.[124] After the October 7 attacks, Mamdani mourned all victims, condemned Hamas’s attacks as war crimes,[125][122][126] and called for both sides to disarm while advocating for a ceasefire [127] and the end of Israeli occupation.[128][122][129]

Mamdani supports Proposal 1 banning discrimination based on ethnicity, gender identity, disability, and reproductive rights, and backs single-payer healthcare through the New York Health Act.[130][131][132][133] He argues that “dignified work, economic stability, and well-resourced neighborhoods” prevent harm better than policing, proposing a civilian Department of Community Safety to handle mental-health crises and community outreach.[134] While he once supported defunding the NYPD, as mayoral candidate he emphasized working with police on violent crime prevention and later apologized for calling the NYPD racist.[135][136][137]

Mamdani connects environmental justice to social equity.[138] He opposed the Astoria gas plant expansion,[139][140] supports the All-Electric Buildings Act and congestion pricing, and proposed a “Green Schools for a Healthier New York City” plan to retrofit schools with solar panels, create green schoolyards, and establish resilience hubs.[141][142][141][143] His platform includes universal pre-K, baby baskets for new families, taxing elite universities to fund CUNY, defending Hasidic yeshivas’ autonomy, expanding sanctuary protections for immigrants, making NYC an LGBTQ+ sanctuary city with an Office of LGBTQIA+ Affairs, and eliminating bus fares through expanded MTA funding and free transit initiatives.[144][145][146][147][148]

Personal life

Mamdani is a dual citizen of Uganda and the United States; he was naturalized in the latter country in 2018.[149] He is Shia Muslim and identifies with the Twelver branch.[39][150]

In 2021, Mamdani met animator and illustrator Rama Duwaji on the dating application Hinge.[151][152] They became engaged in October 2024,[151] held a private nikah ceremony two months later,[153] and were married in February 2025 in a civil ceremony at New York City Hall;[154] they also had a ceremony in Uganda in July 2025.[152] The couple reside in Astoria, Queens, near Steinway Street.[18][152]

Besides English, Mamdani can speak at least five other languages with varying degrees of proficiency: Hindi, Bengali, Spanish, Luganda, and Arabic.[155][156][157][158][159] He is an Arsenal fan,[160] but also enjoys watching cricket,[161] All Elite Wrestling,[162] and the New York Knicks, whose games he has attended as part of past campaigns.[163] Since 2012 he has been a shareholder of Real Oviedo, when he bought a share in the capital increase launched by the club to avoid disappearing.[164]

Electoral history

Main article: Electoral history of Zohran Mamdani

See also

Notes

  1.  Elected on both Democratic Party and WFP ballot lines in New York via electoral fusion
  2.  Democratic Socialists of America (DSA) is not a registered political party. Instead, it is a political organization for those with democratic socialist ideologies. Mamdani is a member of and is endorsed by the New York City DSA chapter.
  3.  English pronunciation: /zəˈ(h)rɑːn ˈkwɑːmeɪ məmˈdɑːni/ ⓘ zə-(H)RAHN KWAH-may məm-DAH-nee;[1][2] Hindi: ज़ोहरान क्वामे ममदानी;[3][4] Urdu: زہران کوامے ممدانی,[5][6] with the first name sometimes written زوہران[7] or ظہران,[8][9] pronounced [zoːɦˈɾaːn ˈkʋaːmeː məmˈdaːniː].[10]

References

  1.  Zohran K. Mamdani – Assembly District 36 – Video. Assembly Member Directory. New York State Assembly. June 6, 2023. Retrieved June 26, 2025.
  2.  Mamdani, Zohran (June 15, 2020). New York for the Many | Zohran Mamdani (Vote June 23). Event occurs at 00:12. Retrieved June 27, 2025 – via YouTube.
  3.  Singh, Anshul (June 25, 2025). ज़ोहरान ममदानी: न्यूयॉर्क मेयर का चुनाव लड़ रहे भारतीय मूल के नेता कौन हैं? [Zohran Mamdani: Who are the Indian-American leaders running for New York mayor?]. BBC News (in Hindi). BBC. Retrieved June 27, 2025.
  4.  ज़ोहरान ममदानी बने न्यूयॉर्क सिटी के मेयर, पूंजीपतियों के विरोध और इस्लामोफोबिक हमलों के बीच रचा इतिहास [Zohran Mamdani becomes mayor of New York City, making history amid protests from capitalists and Islamophobic attacks]. The Wire (in Hindi). November 5, 2025. Retrieved November 6, 2025.
  5.  Rahim, Shakoor (June 27, 2025). زہران ممدانی کے خلاف آن لائن نفرت میں اضافہ [Rise in online hate against Zohran Mamdani] (in Urdu). Deutsche Welle. Retrieved June 27, 2025.
  6.  Dawshi, Bandar (June 26, 2025). نیویارک کی میئرشپ کے لیے ڈیموکریٹک امیدوار زہران ممدانی پر ٹرمپ کی کڑی تنقید [Trump’s harsh criticism of Democratic candidate Zohran Mamdani for New York’s mayoralty.] (in Urdu). Al Arabiya. Retrieved June 28, 2025.
  7.  زوہران ممدانی نیو یارک کے محنت کش طبقے کے لیے زندگی کی لاگت کم کرنے کے لئے میئر کے عہدے کے لیے دوڑ رہے ہیں۔ [Zoharan Mamdani is running for mayor of New York to lower the cost of living for the city’s working class]. Zohran for NYC (in Urdu). Archived from the original on June 23, 2025. Retrieved June 26, 2025.
  8.  ‘روٹی، کپڑا اور مکان’: نیو یارک کے پہلے مسلم میئر بننے کے خواہشمند ظہران ممدانی ڈیموکریٹک امیدوار منتخب [‘Roti, Kapra aur Makān’: Zohran Mamdani, who aspires to become New York’s first Muslim mayor, has been selected as the Democratic candidate.]. BBC News (in Urdu). BBC. June 23, 2025. Retrieved June 28, 2025.
  9.  نیویارک میئر کا انتخاب، ڈیموکریٹک پارٹی کی جانب سے ظہران ممدانی کی نامزدگی. NHK World (in Urdu). NHK. June 26, 2025. Retrieved June 28, 2025.
  10.  Zohran explains Ranked Choice Voting in Urdu/Hindi. Zohran for NYC (in Urdu). June 4, 2025. Event occurs at 1:38. Retrieved June 26, 2025 – via YouTube.
  11.  Roy, Rajesh (November 5, 2025). “‘Badhai!’ In India, a celebration for Zohran Mamdani’s New York mayoral win and his roots”. ABC News. Retrieved November 6, 2025.
  12.  O’Regan, Victoria (November 5, 2025). “Former SA schoolboy Zohran Mamdani becomes New York City’s first millennial mayor in ‘historic’ elections”. Daily Maverick. Retrieved November 5, 2025.
  13.  “New York City Mayor General Election”. Decision Desk HQ. Retrieved November 4, 2025.
  14.  “New York City Mayor Results 2025”. NBC News. Retrieved November 4, 2025.
  15.  “New York City Mayor”. AP News. Retrieved November 4, 2025.
  16.  Kitunzi, Yahudu (June 7, 2025). “Mamdani’s mayoral goal puts Uganda on the map”. Monitor. Archived from the original on June 9, 2025. Retrieved June 7, 2025.
  17.  Marcelo, Philip (June 25, 2025). “Who is Zohran Mamdani? State lawmaker seeks to become New York City’s first Muslim and Indian American mayor”. AP News. Retrieved June 27, 2025.
  18.  Jung, E. Alex (May 20, 2025). “Zohran Mamdani Crashes the Party”. Intelligencer. Archived from the original on May 20, 2025. Retrieved June 5, 2025.
  19.  Davids, Monah (October 26, 2024). “Ugandan-Born Zohran Mamdani Announces Candidacy for Mayor of New York City”. Little Africa News. Archived from the original on June 11, 2025. Retrieved March 12, 2025.
  20.  Akhtar, Iqbal (July 14, 2025). “Zohran Mamdani’s last name reflects centuries of intercontinental trade, migration and cultural exchange”. The Conversation. Retrieved November 7, 2025.
  21.  Chen, Kuan-Hsing; Gao, Shiming; Tang, Xiaolin (2016). “The formation of an African intellectual: an interview with Mahmood Mamdani”. Inter-Asia Cultural Studies. 17 (3): 456–480. doi:10.1080/14649373.2016.1218676.
  22.  Dupont, Joan (September 21, 2001). “Mira Nair Peels Back Layers of Punjabi Society”. International Herald Tribune. Archived from the original on December 1, 2001. Retrieved July 15, 2025. Nair, who dedicates “Monsoon Wedding,” to her Punjabi family in New Delhi, was educated at Harvard, and has made her home in Kampala, Uganda, and New York.
  23.  Gajjar, Saloni (December 7, 2020). “Mira Nair on how A Suitable Boy love story transcends class, culture in post-independence India”. NBC News. Archived from the original on May 8, 2021. Retrieved May 8, 2021. Nair herself comes from a Hindu family, while her husband is Muslim.
  24.  Nair, Suresh (November 6, 2001). “Mirage!”. The Times of India. Archived from the original on June 25, 2025. Retrieved September 10, 2025. My last name is actually Nayyar, but my grandfather used to spell it as Nair and we just continued the tradition.
  25.  Saigal, Shinibali Mitra (May 22, 2005). “Namesake a tribute to Ritwik Ghatak, says Mira Nair”. Kolkata Newsline. Archived from the original on December 4, 2005. Retrieved July 13, 2025.
  26.  “Meet director whose father is an IAS officer, her film made it to the Oscars, and who married a Ugandan scientist, her name is… | India.com”. http://www.india.com. Retrieved November 5, 2025.
  27.  Janmohamed, Zahir (June 16, 2025). “The NYC Mayoral Candidate Turning Meals Into a Movement”. Bon Appétit. Archived from the original on July 1, 2025. Retrieved July 28, 2025.
  28.  Nair, Mira (December 2, 2002). “Whirlwind”. The New Yorker (Interview). Interviewed by Lahr, John. Archived from the original on October 22, 2014. Published in the print edition of the December 9, 2002, issue.
  29.  Davis, Rebecca (June 25, 2025). “Meet New York City’s likely next mayor — with a South African connection”. Daily Maverick. Retrieved November 5, 2025.
  30.  Mtembu, Xolile (November 5, 2025). “NYC Mayor Zohran Mamdani credits Cape Town childhood for shaping politics”. IOL. Retrieved November 7, 2025.
  31.  Haag, Matthew; Goldberg, Emma (June 27, 2025). “The Parents Who Helped Shape Zohran Mamdani’s Politics”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 30, 2025. Retrieved July 3, 2025.
  32.  Fitzsimmons, Emma G. (June 10, 2025). “10 Questions With Zohran Mamdani”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 11, 2025. Retrieved July 3, 2025.
  33.  Sassoon, Alessandro Marazzi (July 1, 2025). “I Went to Middle School With Zohran Mamdani. He Turned Our Election Upside Down Then Too”. Slate. Retrieved July 2, 2025.
  34.  Mamdani, Mahmood (2004). “Acknowledgements”. Good Muslim, Bad Muslim: America, the Cold War, and the Roots of Terror. Three Leaves Press. pp. xiv. ISBN 9782869781344.
  35.  Leach, Olivia (June 25, 2025). “Mamdani’s alma mater Bronx Science celebrates his victory”. Spectrum News NY1. Retrieved November 3, 2025.
  36.  Flegenheimer, Matt; Oreskes, Benjamin (October 20, 2025). “How an Elite Public High School Set Mamdani on the Path to Politics”. The New York Times. Retrieved October 26, 2025.
  37.  Saltonstall, Gus (March 26, 2025). “Before Zohran Mamdani Made Waves in NYC’s Mayoral Race, He Was A Kid Growing Up On the UWS”. West Side Rag. Retrieved March 29, 2025.
  38.  Sauer, Megan (June 27, 2025). “Zohran Mamdani ran for VP of his high school and lost—now he’s winning the Democratic primary for NYC mayor”. CNBC. Retrieved November 4, 2025.
  39.  Shoki, William (February 9, 2020). “Roti and Roses for All”. Jacobin. Retrieved March 25, 2025.
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  125.  New York City mayoral candidate Zohran Mamdani | The View (Video). October 1, 2025. Retrieved November 3, 2025 – via Facebook. I condemn Hamas, of course, I have called Oct. 7 what it was, which was a horrific war crime and, of course, my belief in a universality in international law is also the same set of beliefs that led me to describe what’s happening in Gaza as a genocide.
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  139.  Donovan, Liz (October 27, 2021). “New York State Denies Permit for New Astoria Power Plant”. City Limits. Retrieved June 26, 2025.
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  146.  Hollie, Mia (June 25, 2025). “How Zohran Mamdani Answered Every Question in THE CITY’s Meet Your Mayor Quiz”. THE CITY – NYC News. Retrieved June 28, 2025.
  147.  Pilkington, Ed (June 21, 2025). “‘New Yorkers have been betrayed’: can Zohran Mamdani become the most progressive mayor in the city’s history?”. The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved June 28, 2025.
  148.  Chen, Stefanos (July 3, 2025). “Mamdani’s Win Has Put Buses in the Spotlight. Should They Be Free?”. The New York Times. Retrieved July 26, 2025.
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  155.  “Zohran Mamdani is the Indian-origin political heartthrob America didn’t know it needed”. The Times of India. June 25, 2025. Retrieved June 27, 2025. He’s a practicing Muslim, he speaks Hindi in campaign videos, he talks openly about being an immigrant.
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  164.  “El nuevo alcalde de Nueva York… ¡es accionista del Oviedo!” (in Spanish). November 6, 2025. Retrieved November 6, 2025.

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